β-BBO晶体—一种广泛使用的非线性晶体，可在紫外线，可见光和近红外线中进行频率转换
BBO晶体是最重要的非线性光学晶体之一，β-硼酸钡（β-BaB2O4，β-BBO）结合了许多杰出的特征，例如其高非线性光学系数，低群速度色散，宽广的透明度范围（189– 3500 nm）和高损伤阈值。这种独特的组合确保β-BBO晶体成为各种非线性光学应用（如变频器和光学参量振荡器）的有希望的候选者。在量子光学领域，β-BBO晶体可用于产生纠缠的光子对和十光子的纠缠。
BBO非线性晶体是一种负性单轴晶体，几乎可以在其整个透明范围（从185 nm至3.3 µm，根据使用几毫米厚的晶体样品的透射率测量得出的结果）中的各种二阶相互作用提供相位匹配，从而使其成为一种在紫外线，可见光和近红外中用于非线性频率转换的广泛使用的晶体。在这方面，BBO晶体是用于近红外光参量pulse脉冲放大器的最重要的非线性晶体，目前，它仅提供很少的具有高平均功率和超高峰值功率的光循环脉冲。
参数
| 属性 | 数值 |
| 化学式 | BaB2O4 |
| 晶体结构 | 三方晶系, 3m |
| 晶格参数 | a=b=12.532Å,c=12.717Å, Z=6 |
| 质量密度 | 3.85 g/cm3 |
| 莫氏硬度 | 4 |
| 熔点 | 大约1095°C |
| 导热系数 | 1.2 W/m/K (⊥c); 1.6 W/m/K (//c) |
| 热膨胀系数 | α,4×10-6/K; c,36×10-6/K |
| 双折射 | 负单轴 |
| 属性 | 数值 |
| 透明范围 | 189 – 3500 nm |
| 吸收系数 | α<0.1%/cm @1064nm |
| 折光指数 | |
| 在1.0642μm | ne = 1.5425, no = 1.6551 |
| 在0.5321μm | ne = 1.5555, no = 1.6749 |
| at 0.2660 μm | ne = 1.6146, no = 1.7571 |
| Sellmeier方程（λinμm） | no2(λ) = 2.7359+0.01878/(λ2-0.01822)-0.01354λ2 |
| ne2(λ) = 2.3753+0.01224/(λ2-0.01667)-0.01516λ2 |
| 属性 | 数值 |
| SHG相位匹配范围 | 409.6 ∼3500nm (Type I); 525 ∼3500nm (TypeII) |
| NLO系数 | d11= 5.8 x d36(KDP); d31 = 0.05 x d11; d22< 0.05 x d11 |
| deff(I)=d31sinθ+ (d11cos3φ – d22sin3φ)cosθ | |
| deff(II)=(d11sin3φ+ d22cos3θ)cos2θ | |
| 热光系数 | dno/dT = – 9.3 x 10-6/◦C |
| dne/dT = -16.6 x 10-6/◦C | |
| 电光系数 | g11= 2.7 pm/V, g22, g31< 0.1 g11 |
| 半波电压 | 48 KV (at 1064 nm) |
| 损坏阈值 | |
| 在1.064μm | 5 GW/cm2 (10 ns); 10 GW/cm2 (1.3 ns) |
| 在0.532μm | 1 GW/cm2 (10 ns); 7 GW/cm2 (250 ps) |
| λ[µm] | α [cm-1] | 注意 |
| 0.1934 | 1.39 | T =295K |
| 0.29 | T =91K | |
| 0.213 | <0.21 | 最佳晶体 |
| 0.264 | 0.04±0.01 | ||c |
| 0.06±0.003 | ⊥c, o-波 | |
| 0.10±0.003 | ⊥c, e-波 | |
| 0.2661 | <0.17 | 最佳晶体 |
| 0.04–0.15 | ||
| 0.5321 | 0.01 | |
| <0.01 | ||
| 1 | 0.001–0.002 | |
| 1.0642 | <0.001 | |
| 2.09 | 0.0085 | e-波 |
| 0.07 | o-波 | |
| 2.55 | 0.5 |
| λ[µm] | τp [ns] | β×1011[cm/W] | 注意 |
| 0.211 | 0.0009 | 243±85 | θ =30◦, φ =0◦ |
| 0.264 | 0.0008 | 93±33 | θ =30◦, φ =0◦ |
| 0.00022 | 68±6 | ||c | |
| 66±7 | ⊥c, o-波 | ||
| 47±5 | ⊥c, e-波 | ||
| 0.0002 | 61 | θ =48° | |
| 0.2661 | 0.015 | 90±10 | ||c |
| 0.3547 | 0.017 | 1.0±0.2 | ||c |
| λ[µm] | no | ne |
| 0.40466 | 1.69267 | 1.56796 |
| 0.43583 | 1.68679 | 1.56376 |
| 0.46782 | 1.68198 | 1.56024 |
| 0.47999 | 1.68044 | 1.55914 |
| 0.50858 | 1.67722 | 1.55691 |
| 0.54607 | 1.67376 | 1.55465 |
| 0.57907 | 1.67131 | 1.55298 |
| 0.5893 | 1.67049 | 1.55247 |
| 0.64385 | 1.66736 | 1.55012 |
| 0.8189 | 1.66066 | 1.54589 |
| 0.85212 | 1.65969 | 1.54542 |
| 0.89435 | 1.65862 | 1.54469 |
| 1.014 | 1.65608 | 1.54333 |
| λ[µm] | γ×1015[cm2/W] | Note |
| 0.2661 | 0.025±0.008 | ||c |
| 0.3547 | 0.36±0.08 | ||c |
| 0.5321 | 0.55±0.10 | ||c |
| 0.78 | 0.40±0.05 | [100] 方向 |
| 0.32±0.05 | [010] 方向 | |
| 0.85 | 0.37 ±0.06 | θ =29.2˚, φ =0◦ |
| 1.0642 | 0.29 ±0.05 | ||c |
| 相互作用波长[μm] | θexp [deg] |
| SHG, o+o ⇒ e | |
| 0.4096⇒0.2048 | 90 |
| 0.41⇒0.20 | 90 |
| 0.41152⇒0.20576 | 82.8 |
| 0.41546⇒0.20773 | 79.2 |
| 0.418⇒0.209 | 77.3 |
| 0.429⇒0.2145 | 71 |
| 0.4765⇒0.23825 | 57 |
| 0.488⇒0.244 | 54.5 |
| 0.4965⇒0.24825 | 52.5 |
| 0.5106⇒0.2553 | 50/50.6 |
| 0.5145⇒0.25725 | 49.5 |
| 0.5321⇒0.26605 | 47.3/47.5/47.6/48 |
| 0.589⇒0.2945 | 41.5 |
| 0.604⇒0.302 | 40 |
| 0.6156⇒0.3078 | 39 |
| 0.616⇒0.308 | 38 |
| 0.70946⇒0.35473 | 32.9/33/33.1/33.3/33.7 |
| 0.78⇒0.39 | 31/30 |
| 0.8⇒0.4 | 26.5 |
| 0.946⇒0.473 | 24.9 |
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 22.7/22.8 |
| SFG, o+o ⇒ e | |
| 0.73865+0.25725⇒0.1908 | 81.7 |
| 0.72747+0.26325⇒0.1933 | 76 |
| 0.5922+0.2961⇒0.1974 | 88 |
| 0.5964+0.2982⇒0.1988 | 82.5 |
| 0.5991+0.29955⇒0.1997 | 80 |
| 0.60465+0.30233⇒0.20155 | 76.2 |
| 0.5321+0.32561⇒0.202 | 83.9 |
| 0.6099+0.30495⇒0.2033 | 73.5 |
| 0.5321+0.34691⇒0.21 | 71.9 |
| 0.7736+0.25787⇒0.1934 | 70.7 |
| 0.5321+0.35473⇒0.21284 | 70 |
| 0.51567+0.38675⇒0.221 | 64.7 |
| 0.804+0.268⇒0.201 | 64 |
| 0.75+0.375⇒0.25 | 61.7 |
| 1.0642+0.26605⇒0.21284 | 51.1 |
| 0.78+0.373⇒0.2523 | 47.4 |
| 1.0642+0.298⇒0.23281 | 46.1 |
| 0.5782+0.5106⇒0.27115 | 46 |
| 0.59099+0.5321⇒0.28 | 44.7 |
| 0.78+0.43⇒0.2772 | 43.4 |
| 1.0642+0.35473⇒0.26605 | 40.2 |
| 1.0641+0.53205⇒0.3547 | 31.3 |
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 31.1/31.3/31.4 |
| 2.68823+0.5712⇒0.4711 | 21.8 |
| 1.41831+1.0642⇒0.608 | 21 |
| SHG, e+o ⇒ e | |
| 0.5321⇒0.26605 | 81 |
| 0.70946⇒0.35473 | 48/48.1 |
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 31.6/32.4/32.7/32.9 |
| SFG, e+o ⇒ e | |
| 1.0642+0.35473⇒0.26605 | 46.6 |
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 38.4/38.5 |
| SFG, o+e ⇒ e | |
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 59.8 |
| 相互作用波长[μm] | θpm [deg] | Δθint [deg] | ΔT [℃] | Δν[cm-1] |
| SHG, o+o ⇒ e | ||||
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 22.8 | 0.021 | 37 | 9.7 |
| 22.7 | 0.03 | 51 | ||
| 0.5321⇒0.26605 | 47.3 | 0.01 | 4 | |
| 0.53⇒0.265 | 47.6(298K) | 0.006 | ||
| SFG, o+o ⇒ e | ||||
| 1.0641+0.53205⇒0.3547 | 31.3 | 0.011 | ||
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 31.1 | 0.015 | 16 | |
| 2.44702+0.5712⇒0.4631 | 22.1 | 0.026 | ||
| 2.68823+0.5712⇒0.4711 | 21.8 | 0.028 | ||
| SHG, e+o ⇒ e | ||||
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 32.7 | 0.034 | 8.8 | |
| 32.4 | 0.046 | 37 | ||
| SFG, e+o ⇒ e | ||||
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 38.4 | 0.02 | 13 | |
| SFG, o+e ⇒ e | ||||
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 58.4 | 0.05 | 12 | |
| 相互作用波长[μm] | θpm [deg] | dθpm/dT[deg/K] |
| SHG, o+o ⇒ e | ||
| 0.5321⇒0.26605 | 47.3 | 0.0025 |
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 22.7 | 0.00057 |
| SFG, o+o ⇒ e | ||
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 31.1 | 0.00099 |
| SHG, e+o ⇒ e | ||
| 1.0642⇒0.5321 | 32.4 | 0.0012 |
| SFG, e+o ⇒ e | ||
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 38.4 | 0.0015 |
| SFG, o+e ⇒ e | ||
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 58.4 | 0.00421 |
| 相互作用波长[μm] | θpm [deg] | β[fs/mm] |
| SHG, o+o ⇒ e | ||
| 1.2⇒0.6 | 21.18 | 54 |
| 1.1⇒0.55 | 22.28 | 76 |
| 1.0⇒0.5 | 23.85 | 104 |
| 0.9⇒0.45 | 26.07 | 141 |
| 0.8⇒0.4 | 29.18 | 194 |
| 0.7⇒0.35 | 33.65 | 275 |
| 0.6⇒0.3 | 40.47 | 415 |
| 1.0642+0.5321⇒0.35473 | 38.4 | 0.0015 |
| SHG, e+o ⇒ e | ||
| 1.2⇒0.6 | 29.91 | 103 |
| 1.1⇒0.55 | 31.46 | 130 |
| 1.0⇒0.5 | 33.73 | 164 |
| 0.9⇒0.45 | 36.98 | 210 |
| 0.8⇒0.4 | 41.67 | 276 |
| 0.7⇒0.35 | 48.74 | 373 |
| 0.6⇒0.3 | 60.91 | 531 |
| λ[µm] | τp[ns] | Ithr[GW/cm2] | Note |
| 0.2661 | 10 | 0.3 | 10Hz |
| 8 | >0.12 | ||
| 2 | 通过直拉法生长的（CZ-BBO） | ||
| 3 | 通过flux方法（flux-BBO）生长 | ||
| 3.4 | CZ-BBO，在1193K退火（50小时） | ||
| 0.308 | 12 | >0.2 | |
| 0.3547 | 10 | 0.9 | 10Hz |
| 8 | 25 | 1pulse | |
| 19 | 1800pulses | ||
| 0.03 | >0.4 | 10Hz | |
| 0.015 | >3 | ||
| 0.4 | 0.0002 | >150 | 10Hz |
| 0.5106 | 20 | >0.25 | 4kHz |
| 0.51–0.58 | 20 | 10 | |
| 0.5145 | CW | >0.0004 | |
| 0.5321 | 10 | 2.3 | 10Hz |
| 8 | 48 | 1pulse | |
| 32 | 1800pulses | ||
| 0.62 | 0.0002 | >50 | |
| 0.6943 | 0.02 | 10 | |
| 0.8 | 0.000025 | >3400 | 1–5kHz |
| 0.85 | 0.00025 | >93 | 1kHz |
| 1.054 | 0.005 | 50 | |
| 1.0642 | 14 | 50 | 1pulse |
| 23 | 1800pulses | ||
| 10 | 4.5 | 10Hz |
| λ[µm] | τp[ns] | Ithr[GW/cm2] | 注意 |
| 0.266 | 10 | 0.15 | 10Hz |
| 0.355 | 10 | 0.5 | 10Hz |
| 0.51–0.58 | 20 | 1 | 4–14kHz |
| 0.532 | 10 | 1.3 | 10Hz |
| 1.064 | 10 | 2.6 | 10Hz |
| 线性热膨胀系数 | ||
| T [K] | αt×106[K-1],||c | αt×106[K-1],⊥c |
| 293 | 0.36 | -2.54 |
| 线性热膨胀系数的平均值 | ||
| T [K] | αt×106[K-1],||c | αt×106[K-1],⊥c |
| 298-1173 | 36 | 4 |
| 在P = 0.101325MPa时的比热容 | ||
| T [K] | cp[J/kgK] | |
| 298 | 490/496 | |
| 导热系数 | ||
| K[W/mK] ,||c | K[W/mK] ,⊥c | |
| 0.8 | 0.08 | |
| 1.6 | 1.2 | |
 |  |
| BBO传输光谱 | BBO的SHG调谐曲线 |
 |  |
| BBO的OPO调谐曲线(I型(ooe))在不同的泵浦灯下，530 nm, 355 nm 和 266 nm。 | BBO的OPO调谐曲线(II型(eoe))在不同的泵浦灯下，530 nm, 355 nm 和 266 nm。 |
案例
特点
应用
参考文献
新闻
案例
BBO晶体用于SHG@1600 nm
尺寸：4*4*0.1 mm；
通光孔径：>90%；
2面抛光；
镀膜：AR/AR@1600 nm& 800 nm
BBO晶体用于普克尔盒
尺寸：3×3×20 mm；
相位匹配：I型；S1:AR@1030nm(R<0.2%)；
S2:AR@1030nm(R<0.2%)；
S3：Cr+Au涂层；
S4：Cr+Au涂层
BBO晶体案例（三）
尺寸：4*4*20mm, z-cut；
AR/AR@1030nm,R<0,1%；
X 面上的电极（带有 Au/Cr 电极）；
表面质量：10-5 s/d；
损伤阈值：>7J/cm2@1064nm, 10ns,10HZ
BBO晶体案例（四）
尺寸：5*5*10 （+/-0.1）mm，I型，Theta= 65.4°， Phi= 90°
涂层：S1,S2，AR/AR@450 & 225 nm
BBO晶体案例（六）
尺寸：6×6×1 mm，6×6×5 mm；
相位匹配：I类；
镀膜，S1/S2: 保护 AR@515nm
BBO晶体案例（七）用于OPA
尺寸：6×6×1 mm；
相位匹配：type I
镀膜: Protective AR@515nm
BBO晶体案例（八）用于钛宝石激光器的二次谐波
规格：20*20*0.3 mm；
S1&S2: 抛光和AR膜 – 800/400nm
BBO晶体案例（九）用于1500 nm 倍频
规格：2×2×5 mm；
Type I；
AR/AR镀膜
BBO晶体案例（十）用于SHG
① 规格: 6×6×6 mm;
SHG eoe 744 nm → 372 nm;
② 规格: 6×6×9 mm;
SHG eoe 744 nm + 372 nm → 248 nm
BBO晶体案例（十一）
尺寸：5*5 (+/-0.1)mm
厚度： 0.8 （+0/-0.1）mm
镀膜：AR/AR@1030nm&535nm
特点
- 透射范围从190 nm到3500nm
- 良好的物理性能
- 适当的机械性能
- 有效SHG（二次谐波产生）系数大
- 1064 nm处10 J/cm2的100 ps脉冲损坏阈值
- 相位匹配范围从6 nm到3500nm
- 温度带宽约55℃
- 光学均匀性高：δn≈10-6/cm
应用
材料加工
光通讯
雷达与测距
医疗应用
参考文献
| [1] Rahman M A , Alghoraibi I . Theoretical investigation of phase-mismatched second-harmonic conversion efficiency in BBO crystal[J]. Optik – International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2018:S0030402618301451. |
| [2] Ganeev R A , Kulagin I A , Ryasnyansky A I , et al. Characterization of nonlinear optical parameters of KDP, LiNbO3 and BBO crystals[J]. Optics Communications, 2004, 229(1-6):403-412. |
| [3] Ganeev R A , Kulagin I A , Tugushev R I . Characterization of nonlinear refractive indices of KDP, KTP, LiNBO3 and BBO crystals at 1064 nm and 532 nm[C]// Conference on Lasers & Electro-optics. IEEE Xplore, 2003. |
| [4] Kokh A E , Bekker T B , Kokh K A , et al. Nonlinear LBO and BBO crystals for extreme light sources. IEEE, 2010:127-129. |
| [5] Nautiyal A , Bisht P B . Sum and difference frequency generation of white light continuum with the ps pulses of Nd+3:YAG laser in a thick BBO crystal[J]. Optics Communications, 2007, 278(1):175-179. |
| [6] Wu F T , Zhang W Z . Consideration of angular acceptance angle in BBO crystal on a highly efficient second harmonic generation[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 1998, 30(3-4):189-192. |
| [7] Rehse S J , Lee S A . Generation of 125 mW frequency stabilized continuous-wave tunable laser light at 295 nm by frequency doubling in a BBO crystal[J]. Optics Communications, 2002, 213(4-6):347-350. |
| [8] Ohara K , Sako M , Nonaka K . 210 nm ultraviolet generation using blue-violet laser diode and BBO SHG crystal[C]// CLEO/Pacific Rim 2003. The 5th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8671). IEEE, 2003. |
| [9] Lin G , Strekalov D V , Nan Y . Observation of second harmonic generations from x-cut BBO whispering gallery mode resonators[C]// IEEE Photonics Conference. IEEE, 2012. |
| [10] AA Isaev, Jones D R , CE Little, et al. 1.3 W average power at 255 nm by second harmonic generation in BBO pumped by a copper HyBrID laser[J]. Optics Communications, 1996, 132(3-4):302-306. |
| [11] Cha Y H , Lee K , Nam S M , et al. Characterization of OPCPA with BBO crystal for femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses[C]// Conference on Lasers & Electro-optics. IEEE, 2003. |
| [12] Nikogosyan D N . Beta barium borate (BBO)[J]. Applied Physics A, 1991, 52(6):359-368. |
| [13] Anstett G , G?Ritz G , Kabs D , et al. Reduction of the spectral width and beam divergence of a BBO-OPO by using collinear type-II phase matching and back reflection of the pump beam[J]. Applied Physics B, 2001, 72(5):583-589. |
| [14] Lee C K , Zhang J Y , Huang J Y , et al. Generation of femtosecond tunable radiation from 380 nm to 450 nm via cascaded wave-mixing in a seeded 405-nm pumped type-I BBO noncollinear optical parametric amplifier[C]// Conference on Lasers & Electro-optics. IEEE, 2003. |
| [15] Borsutzky A , R Brünger, Huang C , et al. Harmonic and sum-frequency generation of pulsed laser radiation in BBO, LBO, and KD*P[J]. Applied Physics B, 1991, 52(1):55-62. |
| [16] Jing Z , Zhang Q , Qiu K , et al. Author’s personal copy Detection of $ 1 atto-joule signal pulse at 532 nm using a picosecond collinear BBO optical parametric amplifier[J]. Optics Communications, 2013, 291. |
| [17] Heitmann U , Ktteritzsch M , Heitz S , et al. Efficient generation of tunable VUV laser radiation below 205 nm by SFM in BBO[J]. Applied Physics B, 1992, 55(5):419-423. |
| [18] N?Gele M , Sigrist M W . Femtosecond noncollinear and collinear parametric generation and amplification in BBO crystal[J]. Applied Physics B, 2000, 70(2):163-168. |
| [19] J, Lublinski, M, et al. Collinear and non-collinear sum-frequency mixing inβ-BBO for a tunable 195–198 nm all-solid-state laser system[J]. Applied Physics B, 1995, 61(5):529-532. |
| [20] Bhar G C , Kumbhakar P , Chatterjee U , et al. Highly efficient deep ultraviolet generation by sum-frequency mixing in a BBO crystal pair[J]. Pramana, 2002, 59(1):69-74. |
| [21] Caumes J P , Videau L , Rouyer C , et al. Direct evidence of the non-instantaneous response of n2 induced by cascading phenomena during SHG of femtosecond pulses in a BBO crystal[C]// Conference on Lasers & Electro-optics. IEEE, 2003. |
| [22] O, Gobert, G, et al. Efficient broadband 400nm noncollinear second-harmonic generation of chirped femtosecond laser pulses in BBO and LBO[J]. Applied Optics, 2014, 53(12):2646-55. |
新闻
更多图片
BBO晶体
尺寸: 18*28*1mm
BBO晶体
尺寸: 6*6*1mm
BBO晶体
尺寸: 6*6*5mm
尺寸: 3*3*20mm
涂层: AR/AR@1064nm
方向: Z 切
BBO晶体
尺寸: 3*3*20mm
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